Contents:

1. Rigid esophagoscopy
   1. Indications
   2. Patient selection
   3. Instrumentation
   4. Techniques under local and under general anesthesia
   5. Biopsy and brushing techniques
   6. Complications
      
      
2. Fiberoptic esophagoscopy
   1. Indications
   2. Patient selection
   3. Instrumentation
   4. Techniques under local and under general anesthesia
   5. Biopsy and brushing techniques
   6. Complications
      
      
3. Laser techniques
   1. Safety measures
   2. Types of application