Contents:

1. Anatomy of the esophagus
   1. Histology
   2. Blood supply
   3. Nerve supply
   4. Sphincters
   5. Muscular composition
   6. Mucosa
      
      
2. Physiology of the esophagus
   1. Normal peristalsis
   2. Hormonal influences
   3. Neural influences
      
      
3. Assessment of the esophagus
   1. Contrast studies
   2. Manometry
   3. pH studies
   4. Radionucleotide scans
   5. Endoscopy

Clinical Skills:

During the training program the resident:

1. Interprets esophageal plain radiographs, contrast studies, CT scans, MRI, and intraluminal echo;
   
   
2. Orders and interprets manometric and pH studies of the esophagus;
   
   
3. Performs rigid and flexible endoscopy of the pharynx and esophagus.

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