B. Acquired Abnormalities, Neoplasms

At the end of this unit the resident understands acquired abnormalities of the diaphragm including traumatic injuries, inflammation, diaphragmatic paralysis and neoplasms, and performs the appropriate treatment.

Learner Objectives:

Upon completion of this unit the resident:

1. Understands the presentation of diaphragmatic rupture and associated injuries;
   
   
2. Knows evaluation methods for penetrating injuries of the diaphragm;
   
   
3. Knows management of infections immediately above and below the diaphragm;
   
   
4. Understands the etiology, presentation, diagnosis, and management of acquired diaphragmatic hernias;
   
   
5. Understands the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of diaphragmatic paralysis;
   
   
6. Understands the primary and secondary tumors of the diaphragm and their management;
   
   
7. Understands reconstruction methods for the diaphragm;
   
   
8. Understands the indications for and techniques of diaphragmatic pacing.